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Trigonometric Identities and
Conditional Equations

 

6-1 Basic Identities and Their Use
6-2 Sum, Difference, and Confunction Identities
6-3 Double-Angle and Half-Angle Identities
6-4 Produce-Sum and Sum-Product Identities
6-5 Trigonometric Equations

 Identity: An equation in one or more variables is said to be an identity
if the left side is equal to the right side for all replacements of the variables
for which both sides are defined. For example, the equation

is an identity.

 Conditional equation: An equation in one or more variables is said to
be a conditional equation if the equation holds only for certain values of x
and not for all values for which both sides are defined. For example, the equation

is a conditional equation.

6.1 Basic Identities and Their Use

Basic Identities

Basic Trigonometric Identities
For x any real number (in all restricted so that both sides of
an equation are defined):
 Reciprocal Identities

 Quotient Identities

 Identities for Negatives

 Pythagorean Identities

 

Establishing Other Identities
 Identities are established in order to convert one form to an equivalent
form that may be more useful. To verify an identity means to prove that
both sides of an equation are equal for all replacements of the variables
for which both sides are defined. Such a proof might use basic identities,
factoring, combining and reducing fractions, and so on. The methods to
verify certain identities are not unique. To become proficient in the use
of identities, it is important that you work out many problems on
your own.

 Example: Verify the identities

 Solution. To verify an identity, we proceed by starting with the more com-
plicated of the two sides, and transform that side into the other side in one
or more steps using basic identities, algebra, or other established identities.

Suggested steps in verifying identities(Page 454 of the textbook)

 (1) Start with the more complicated side of the identity, and transform
it into the simpler side.
 (2) Try algebraic operations such as multiplying, factoring, combining
fractions, and splitting fractions.
 (3) If other steps fail, express each function in terms of sine and cosine
functions, and then perform appropriate algebraic operations.
 (4) At each step, keep the other side of the identity in mind. This often
reveals what you should do in order to get there.

Review of the algebraic identities

Example verify the identities

Solution. (A).